• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a caisson for maritime structures, particularly suitable for use in vertical dikes, formed by: a plurality of segments (1) intended to be connected side by side by connecting means in order to form a sill, which segments (1) comprise an inner sector (2), lateral sectors (3) and an outer sector (4), said outer sector (4) incorporating coupling elements; and a series of arch pieces (5) intended to be positioned side by side on the sill in order to form a circular surface, said arch pieces having an upper side (6), lateral sides (7) including means for assembling the arch pieces (5) to one another, and a lower side (8) intended to be inserted into the coupling elements of the above-mentioned segments (1). All of the elements of the caisson are made from fibre-reinforced polymer materials.
    公开号:ES2563104A2
    申请号:ES201590120
    申请日:2013-06-05
    公开日:2016-03-10
    发明作者:Ricardo ÁLVAREZ GARCÍA-LUBÉN；José Daniel García Espinel
    申请人:Acciona SA；Acciona Ingenieria SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    drawer for maritime works and assembly procedure of
    same
    d e s c r i p c i o n
    5
    object of the invention
    The present invention can be included in the technical field of vertical drawers that are used in maritime works. More specifically, it is a prefabricated drawer 10 with polymer reinforced fiber material that is mounted dry in port.
    background of the invention
    In port works, the dikes are a structure used to reflect and dissipate the water from the waves and therefore prevent or reduce the wave action of an area to be protected. Conventional dikes adopt two basic types that constitute the slope dikes and the vertical dikes.
    The embankment dikes are structures that are built in the sea to provide shelter for a given area. These dikes are constituted by natural and / or artificial jets of different sizes and usually by concrete shoulders.
    Vertical dikes are vertical, monolithic and waterproof wall structures. These dikes are built with reinforced concrete drawers and have a gravitational behavior, that is, the stability of the drawer is based on its own weight. The fundamental characteristic of vertical dikes is that they practically reflect the total energy of the waves, returning the action of the waves as a vertical monolithic rigid wall.
    30 The most common solution for the construction of vertical dikes is the use of prefabricated reinforced concrete drawers, which are manufactured at sea and floated to their final position where they are anchored. The use of drawers in these constructions also allows the formation of dikes and docks for the docking of
    Vessels and filler content for obtaining surface platforms.
    When working with drawers, the support at the bottom of the sea is done through 5 sidewalks that transmit very important pressures to the natural terrain of the ports. In the port case, the high increase in loads of the support of the drawer on the ground is of great importance, which in some cases has led to cases of breakage or landslides.
    10 The execution of a vertical dike entails multiple advantages over the execution of a dike in slope. It requires less quantity of material of contribution since it is a body of smaller size, and therefore it reduces the environmental impact and the cost of the work. It also occupies less space on the seabed, allowing the berthing of ships and also contributing to reducing the environmental impact, generating less turbidity 15 during the construction phase and subsequent exploitation.
    Vertical dikes allow shorter lead times. It also requires less maintenance than a breakwater dam and generally allows for better finishes and adapts better to a greater number of uses.
    twenty
    The most important limitations of vertical dikes are the dependence of drawer ships for their construction whose manufacture has a very high cost. You also have to move the drawer boat to a place close to the anchoring of the drawers for each work. These costs can be very high and even determine the profitability of a project.
    Another disadvantage is that sophisticated machinery and skilled labor are necessary, especially for the construction of the drawer in the drawer boat. In addition, small variations in density can lead to large buoyancy differences and stability of the drawer in the water, which are essential characteristics so that it can be safely towed to the anchorage site.
    The drawers that are known from the state of the art have cells inside, which are
    generally rectangular cells or circular cells. The drawers are generally built in floating installations that can be floating docks, submersible pontoons guided from fixed structures or catamarans with submersible platform.
    5 The usual process of construction of the drawers consists in concreting the floor to later concreting the shaft with sliding formwork. As the drawer is concreted, it draws into the water. Later it is transported to its final position by a tugboat that pulls in the bow. A complementary stern tug can also be used to do the helm. When
    10 the drawer has been arranged on its final location, it is anchored to fix it in its final position.
    description of the invention
    15 The present invention proposes a drawer for mahtimas works, which can be used in all types of works but which is specially oriented to be used in vertical dikes.
    The drawer for mahtima work consists of a modular construction that includes,
    20 as a base, a hearth that can be circular or polygonal. The solera consists of a plurality of segments intended to be collaterally linked to each other by means of union. These segments include an interior sector, lateral sectors and an external sector that incorporates coupling elements. The segments that make up the hearth are equal to each other.
    25
    When it is a polygonal hearth, the segments have a triangular or truncated triangle configuration. When it is a circular hearth the segments have a radial segment configuration.
    30 Likewise, the drawer comprises a series of segments designed to be placed collaterally with each other on the entire pehmeter and on the floor to form a closed surface. The segments have an upper side, lateral sides and a lower side. The lateral sides have means of lace between segments, to allow
    coupling between them. The lower side is intended to fit the coupling elements of the segments.
    The surface that is generated with the collateral junction of the segments in a preferred embodiment is cylindrical.
    An essential characteristic of the proposed drawer is that the pieces that make it up, that is to say the segments and segments, are made of polymeric materials reinforced with fiber. Said parts are manufactured at the factory and subsequently transported to the place of assembly of the drawer, which is preferably a port near its final position. In this way, when the drawer assembly is complete, it is simply thrown into the sea from the dock and towed to its final position where it is anchored.
    The assembly of the pieces that make up the drawer is done dry and the different joining means used to fix the pieces together can be mechanical joining means, such as tongue and groove between the pieces or rivets. They can be chemical means of union, such as an adhesive resistant to seawater or a laminate with the fiber itself and resin of the drawer but executed in situ and that gives continuity to the piece. Likewise, the joining means can be a combination of 20 mechanical means and chemical joining means.
    The segments can have a single wall or be double wall. The choice of one type of dovela or another will depend, for example, on the resistance required in each application, on manufacturing conditions, overall dimensions of the drawer, etc.
    25
    In the event that the segments have a simple wall, they can comprise vertical stiffeners that provide greater structural resistance to the drawer.
    In the case that the segments are double-walled, they comprise an outer wall and an inner wall, joined together by at least the lateral sides of the segment, and may be open on the upper side and the lower side. When the segments have double walls, the gap between the outer wall and the inner wall can be used to introduce a ballast material for the towing stage of the
    drawer, for anchoring or can be filled to achieve greater strength of the drawer. The segments can also comprise a receptacle inside which the lower side of the segments can be introduced.
    In an embodiment of the invention, the hearth additionally comprises a central body, also of fiber reinforced polymer, to which the inner sectors of the segments are linked by corresponding joining means. The central body can be cylindrical or prismatic.
    10 An object of the present invention is also an assembly procedure for the maritime work drawer described above. Said process comprises the steps of joining the segments collaterally with each other by means of joining and joining the segments collaterally with each other, by means of the lace between the segments, fitting the lower side of the segments into the coupling elements of the 15 segments. . In an embodiment of the invention the method comprises introducing stiffeners inside the main space which is the space that is created inside the surface of revolution generated by the segments.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention the segments and the segments are transported to a spring on which the assembly is carried out. The pieces are transported to the dock where the dry assembly is carried out. When assembling at the dock, when the drawer has been completely formed, the commissioning includes the stages of throwing the drawer into the sea, ballasting the drawer by partially filling the main space, towing the drawer by sea to its final position and anchor the 25 drawer filling the main space.
    The assembly of the pieces is done in dry work with the help of a crane. This lowers costs because specialized labor is not necessary for work on the high seas or underwater. In addition, the assembly operations are greatly simplified and the complete assembly can be carried out in a short time.
    This also avoids the use of drawer boats that, as explained above, are very expensive and involve a large investment. In this sense it
    It has greater independence since the assembly of the drawer is carried out in the port to which the pieces are transported by road, reducing costs and getting a simpler transport. Subsequently, when the drawer has been completely assembled, it is thrown into the sea and transported to its final position by towing it. Thus, it is not necessary to resort to the construction of floating facilities such as floating docks, submersible pontoons or catamarans with submersible platforms.
    description of the drawings
    10
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    Figure 1.- Shows a view of a drawer's dovela for maritime works.
    Figure 2.- Shows a view of the hearth of the drawer for maritime works.
    twenty
    Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of the drawer for maritime works.
    preferred embodiment of the invention
    25 The present invention describes a drawer for maritime works and an assembly procedure thereof. Said drawer is specially designed to be used in vertical dikes.
    The pieces that make up the proposed drawer (14) are a plurality of segments (1), 30 that constitute the hearth of the drawer, and a series of segments (5) that generate a surface inside which a main space is created (15) that can be filled. The segments (1) and the segments (5) are made of polymeric materials reinforced with fiber. The material is preferably selected from fiberglass or carbon with matrix of
    epoxy resin or polyester.
    In a preferred embodiment the segments form a circular hearth, and in another embodiment the segments form a polygonal. When there is a circular hearth, the segments (1) are circular segments and when the hearth is polygonal, the segments (1) are of triangular or truncated triangular configuration.
    The segments (1) are intended to be collaterally linked to each other by joining means to form the hearth. Said segments (1) comprise an inner sector (2), io lateral sectors (3) and an outer sector (4) that incorporates coupling elements.
    The segments (5) are intended to be joined together on the perimeter of the floor to form a closed surface. They show an upper side (6), lateral sides (7) and a lower side (8). The lateral sides (7) have means of fitting between segments (5), to allow the union between them and the lower side (8) is intended to fit in the coupling elements of the segments (1) to allow the union between the segments (5) and the segments (1).
    In an embodiment of the invention, the drawer floor additionally comprises a central body (9) which is also made of a polymeric material reinforced with fibers and to which the inner sectors (2) of the segments (1) are linked with their corresponding means. of Union. In this embodiment the interior sectors (2) have a geometric shape that corresponds to the shape of the central body (9).
    25
    In an embodiment of the invention the segments (5) have a geometric shape that corresponds to the shape of the outer sector (4) of the segments (1).
    The joining means used to fix the segments (1) to each other and the segments (5) 30 to each other and to the segments (1) can be chemical bonds, such as a seawater resistant adhesive or mechanical joints, such as tongue and groove example or a combination of both.
    In an embodiment of the invention, the segments (1) comprise a receptacle (12) in contact with the outer sector (4) intended to accommodate the lower side (8) of the segments (5). This embodiment allows to ensure a better fixation of the elements since in addition to the use of joining means, the segments (5) are embedded in the segments (1).
    5
    In one embodiment of the invention the segments (5) are simple walls and can comprise longitudinal stiffeners to give it more structural strength. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the segments (5) are double walls and comprise an outer wall (10) and an inner wall (11). Said walls are joined together by the lateral sides (7) creating an interior space (13). The interior space (13) can be filled in whole or in part, for example with granular material, to ballast it during the towing phase, or for anchoring.
    In another embodiment of the invention the drawer (14) additionally comprises about 15 stiffeners inside the main space (15). These stiffeners are diametral piano elements intended to join opposing segments (5) and allow the entire assembly of the drawer (14) already formed to be provided with greater strength and rigidity.
    It is also an object of the invention an assembly procedure of the drawer 20 described above, comprising the following steps:
    - join the segments (1) collaterally with each other by means of the union,
    - join the segments (5) collaterally to each other by means of the means of fitting between segments and the segments (1) fitting the bottom side (8) of the segments (5) with the coupling elements of the segments, forming a body of revolution .
    25
    In the embodiment of the invention in which the hearth comprises a central body (9), the assembly procedure comprises a step of joining the segments (1) to the central body (9).
    30 As mentioned above, in a preferred embodiment the complete assembly of the drawer (14) is carried out dry and in a more preferred embodiment even said assembly is carried out on a dock near the final position of the drawer. For which segments (1) and segments (5) are transported to the dock.
    In the embodiment of the invention in which the segments (1) comprise a receptacle (12), the method comprises an introduction stage of the lower side (8) of the segments (5) inside the receptacle (12) of Ios segments (1) during the step of joining the segments (5) to the segments (1).
    Also, in the embodiment in which the drawer (14) comprises stiffeners, the assembly procedure comprises a step of introducing stiffeners into the interior of the main space (15).
    10
    Subsequently, when the drawer parts (14) have already been assembled, the process of the invention comprises the steps of:
    - throw the drawer (14) to the sea,
    -shield the drawer (14) partially filling the main space (15),
    15 - tow the drawer (14) by sea to its final position,
    - anchor the drawer (14) by filling in the main space (15).
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
    1. - Drawer for maritime works especially suitable for use in vertical dikes, characterized by comprising:
    5 -a plurality of segments (1) destined to collaterally link to each other
    by joining means to form a hearth, in which the segments (1) comprise an inner sector (2), lateral sectors (3) and an outer sector (4), where said outer sector (4) incorporates coupling elements ,
    -a series of segments (5) destined to collaterally locate each other and on the 10 perimeter of the floor to form a closed surface inside which
    generates a main space (15); they show an upper side (6), a lower side (8) and lateral sides (7), which have means of fitting between segments (5), and whose lower side (8) is intended to engage in the segments (1 ); the segments (1) and the segments (5) are made of polymeric materials reinforced with fibers.
    fifteen
    [2]
    2. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the segments (5) additionally comprise an outer wall (10) and an inner wall (11) joined together by the lateral sides (7) creating an interior space (13 ).
    20 3.- Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that
    segments (1) make up a polygonal hearth.
    [4]
    4. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the segments (1) form a circular hearth.
    25
    [5]
    5. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that it additionally comprises a central body (9), also of polymeric materials reinforced with fibers, which is part of the hearth, to which the inner sectors (2) of the segments (1) by corresponding joining means.
    30
    [6]
    6. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the joining means used are chemical joining means resistant to seawater.
    [7]
    7. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the joining means are rivets.
    [8]
    8. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the 5 joining means are tongue and groove.
    [9]
    9. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the joining means are any combination between seawater resistant adhesives, rivets and tongue and groove.
    10
    [10]
    10. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the segments (1) comprise a receptacle (12) in contact with the outer sector (4) intended to accommodate the lower side (8) of the segments (5).
    15 11.- Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the
    segments (5) comprise longitudinal stiffeners.
    [12]
    12. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the fiber reinforced with polymeric materials is selected from fiberglass and fiber
    20 carbon with epoxy resin or polyester.
    [13]
    13. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the inner sector (2) of the segments (1) has a geometric shape that corresponds to the shape of the central body (9).
    25
    [14]
    14. - Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that the segments (5) have a geometric shape that corresponds to the shape of the outer sector (4) of the segments (1).
    30 15.- Drawer for maritime works according to claim 1 characterized in that
    additionally it comprises a plurality of stiffeners inside the main space (15).
    [16]
    16. - Procedure for assembling a drawer for maritime works as described in claims 1 to 15 characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
    - join the segments (1) collaterally with each other by means of joining,
    - join the segments (5) collaterally with each other by means of the union between 5 segments and the segments (1) fitting the lower side (8) with the coupling elements of the segments, forming a body of revolution.
    [17]
    17. - Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that it comprises a step of joining the segments (1) to the central body (9).
    10
    [18]
    18. - Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that the segments (1) and the segments (5) are transported to a spring on which the assembly is carried out.
    15 19- Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that
    it comprises an introduction stage of the lower side (8) of the segments (5) inside
    of the receptacle (12) of the segments (1) during the joining stage of the segments (5) to the segments (1).
    20 20.- Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that
    subsequently it comprises a step of introducing stiffeners inside the main space (15).
    [21]
    21. - Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that the stiffeners are diametral flat elements intended to join segments (5)
    opposing providing greater strength and rigidity to the drawer (14) already formed.
    [22]
    22. - Assembly procedure according to claim 16 characterized in that
    subsequently it includes the stages of:
    30-throw the drawer (14) to the sea,
    -shield the drawer (14) partially filling the main space (15),
    - tow the drawer (14) by sea to its final position,
    - anchor the drawer (14) by filling in the main space (15).
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2017-06-13| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2563104 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20170613 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201590120A|ES2563104B1|2013-06-05|2013-06-05|DRAWER FOR MARITIME WORKS AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE OF THE SAME|
    PCT/ES2013/070360|WO2014195526A1|2013-06-05|2013-06-05|Caisson|ES201590120A| ES2563104B1|2013-06-05|2013-06-05|DRAWER FOR MARITIME WORKS AND ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE OF THE SAME|
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